A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land.
These walls of water can cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore.
These awe-inspiring waves are typically caused by large, undersea earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries. When the ocean floor at a plate boundary rises or falls suddenly, it displaces the water above it and launches the rolling waves that will become a tsunami.
Most tsunami, about 80 percent, happen within the Pacific Ocean's "Ring of Fire," a geologically active area where tectonic shifts make volcanoes and earthquakes common.
Tsunamis may also be caused by underwater landslides or volcanic eruptions. They may even be launched, as they frequently were in Earth's ancient past, by the impact of a large meteorite plunging into an ocean.
Tsunamis race across the sea at up to 500 miles (805 kilometers) an hour — about as fast as a jet airplane. At that pace they can cross the entire expanse of the Pacific Ocean in less than a day. And their long wavelengths mean they lose very little energy along the way.
A tsunami's trough, the low point beneath the wave's crest, often reaches shore first. When it does, it produces a vacuum effect that sucks coastal water seaward and exposes harbor and sea floors. This retreating of sea water is an important warning sign of a tsunami, because the wave's crest and its enormous volume of water typically hit shore five minutes or so later. Recognizing this phenomenon can save lives.
A tsunami is usually composed of a series waves, called a wave train, so its destructive force may be compounded as successive waves reach shore. People experiencing a tsunami should remember that the danger may not have passed with the first wave and should await official word that it is safe to return to vulnerable locations.
Some tsunamis do not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but instead resemble a quickly surging tide that inundates coastal areas.
1. Why did the author write the report?
A. To raise people' awareness about tsunami.
B. To warn people about an upcoming tsunami.
C. To inform people about past tsunamis.
D. To inform people about the different types of tsunami.
2. Tsunamis are usually the result of ...
A. The sudden rise or fall of ocean floors
B. Pacific Oceans "Ring of Fire"
C. The awe-inspiring waves
D. Volcanoes
3. From the text, we know that Tsunami can be very destructive because ...
A. They come after earthquakes
B. They are caused by volcanic eruptions
C. They are tall, fast, forceful and repetitive
D. They occur suddenly
4. "Some tsunami do not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but instead resemble a quickly surging tide that inundates coastal areas." The word is closest in meaning to ...
A. Covers
B. Fills
C. Attacks
D. Submerges
SOLAR ENERGY
Solar energy is one great alternative for future energy sources. It is environmentally friendly and is renewable, thus making it an excellent energy source.
According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); enough sunlight reaches the earth’s surface every year to produce approximately 1.000 times the amount of energy produced by burning all fossil fuels mined and extracted during the same time period.
As with most renewable energy systems, the initial costs of setting up these solar energy projects is quite expensive. However, the savings on electricity bills in the long-term should make up for this and year after year, the costs of these solar energy are falling which will make it more affordable and widespread.
Solar energy will also be powering some 70.000 homes and several hundred businesses in Britain soon after the government announced a £ 10 million investment into photovoltaic (PV) technologies over the next three years.
Photovoltaic cells provide an unlimited supply of free power by converting sunlight into electricity using modern semiconductors. Vast array of these cells will be placed on roofs and walls around the country to provide buildings with a renewable source of energy for lighting, heating, and storage.
Street lighting and traffic signals can also benefit from this power supply further reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear energy.
5. The first paragraph discusses .......
A. Solar energy for future source of energy
B. How to convert sunlight into electricity
C. The amount of energy produced by sunlight
D. The cost of setting up sollar energy project
E. The use of modern semiconductors to product electricity
6. From the text, we know that solar energy ....
A. Does not harm
B. Is nota good energy source
C. Can not renewed
D. Is not efficient
E. Is expensive
7. Using solar energy will reduce our expenditure on ....
A. Heating
B. Traffic signals
C. Street lightning
D. Electricity bills
E. Converting the sunlight
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land.
These awe-inspiring waves are typically caused by large, undersea earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries. When the ocean floor at a plate boundary rises or falls suddenly, it displaces the water above it and launches the rolling waves that will become a tsunami.
Most tsunami, about 80 percent, happen within the Pacific Ocean's "Ring of Fire," a geologically active area where tectonic shifts make volcanoes and earthquakes common.
Tsunamis race across the sea at up to 500 miles (805 kilometers) an hour — about as fast as a jet airplane. At that pace they can cross the entire expanse of the Pacific Ocean in less than a day. And their long wavelengths mean they lose very little energy along the way.
Some tsunamis do not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but instead resemble a quickly surging tide that inundates coastal areas.
8. Tsunamis are usually the result of ...
A. The sudden rise or fall of ocean floors
B. Pacific Oceans "Ring of Fire"
C. The awe-inspiring waves
D. Volcanoes
9. From the text, we know that Tsunami can be very destructive because ...
A. They come after earthquakes
B. They are caused by volcanic eruptions
C. They are tall, fast, forceful and repetitive
D. They have a vacuum effect
10."Some tsunami do not appear on shore as massive breaking waves but ..... (Paragraph 8) The word massiveis closest in meaning to ...
A. big
B. little
C. Fills
D.Attacks
Flood is an overflow of water that soaks or covers land. Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster worldwide. It can be caused by several things and from the effect of human behavior. The most common cause is because of the over capacity of the body of water, e.g. river or lake. As a result some of the water flows outside of the body of water. It can also occur in rivers, when the strength of the river is so high that it flows right out of the river channel. A flood from sea may be caused by a heavy storm, a high tide, a tsunami, or a combination the three.
Soil and vegetation absorbs most of the surface water, floods happen when there are lack of trees and the soil alone cannot absorb all the water. The water then runs off the land in quantities that cannot be carried in stream channels or kept in natural ponds or man-made reservoirs. A flood can also be caused by blocked sewage pipes and waterways, such as the Jakarta flood.
There are several types of flood. Periodic floods occur naturally on many rivers, forming an area known as the flood plain. These river floods usually result from heavy rain, sometimes combined with melting snow, which causes the rivers to overflow their banks. A flood that rises and falls rapidly with little or no advance warning is called a flash flood.
11. What is author’s purpose in writing this text?
A. To persuade people to avoid flood
B. To give information how flood appear
C. To tell the experience getting flood
D. To announce to others about flood
12. The reason why flood come is ...
A. the good capacity of the body of water
B. many of trees and the soil alone can absorb all the water
C. blocked sewage pipes and waterways
D. the melting ice in north pole
13. falls rapidly with little or no advance warning ( paragrah 4).The word “rapidly” has the closest meaning with ...
A. Consistently
B. quickly
C. Affective
D. Inflammable
Orangutans or Pongo pygmaeus belong to the Primate order. The orangutans spend most of their time in trees. Each evening they build a new treetop nest. They are endangered because of habitat loss and poachers keep on killing, owning and exporting orangutans. They live on the island of Borneo and in the northern corner of the island of Sumatra.
Orangutans are characterized by rough, long, reddish-brown fur. Male orangutans are about 95 cm (37 in) in length and about 77 kg (170 lb) in weight. Females are smaller, reaching about 78 cm (31 in) in height and weighing only about 37 kg (81 lb). The male has puffy cheeks and a hanging throat-pouch. This pouch contains air sacks that help produce a groaning, bubbling call, which can be heard at least 1 km (0.6 mi) away.
Half of orangutan’s diet consists of fruits, but they also eat young leaves, soft inner bark, termites, eggs, and occasionally monkeys.
When a female is ready to mate, she will seek out an adult male. Orangutans are mammals, females give birth to a single infant about once every four to eight years. The gestation period for orangutans is just under nine months, nearly the same as in human beings. Infants stay very close to their mothers for the first three years until they don’t consume their mother’s milk.
14. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Orangutans mostly eat fruits.
B. Orangutans are mammals.
C. Female orangutans seek out adult males.
D. Orangutans give birth to a single infant.
E. How many infants orangutans produce
15. How long is orangutans’ nursing period?
A. Three years.
B. Four years.
C. Eight years.
D. Nine months.
E. A year.
16. We know from the text that ….
A. Orangutans spend his time on the ground
B. The number of orangutans is limited in the wild
C. The food orangutans eat is only fruit
D. Male Orangutans choose female orang utan to breed
E. Female orangutans produce sounds using their pouch
17. Why do people kill orangutans?
A. Because they want to consume their meat.
B. Because they attack human beings.
C. Because they want to cut the trees.
D. Because they want to make their baby a pet.
E. Because they want to take their fur.
18. “Orangutans are characterized by rough, long, reddish-brown fur.” (Paragraph 4)
The underlined word has similar meaning with … .
A. uneven
B. rugged
C. stiff
D. coarse
E. smooth
19. Orang Utans can produce sound that is … loud … it can be heard at least 1 km away.
The correct conjunction to complete the sentence is ....
A. too; to
B. so; that
C. not only; but also
D. either; or
E. neither; nor
20. Infants stay very close to their mothers for the first three years until they don’t consume their mother’s milk.
The underlined word refers to ….
A. mothers
B. infants
C. milk
D. males
E. females
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