Class 10th Economics Chapter 1 Development

Class 10th Economics Chapter 1 Development

May 03, 2019

Very Short Questions

    1. What are the developmental goals for landless rural labourers?
      1. Developmental goals for landless rural labourers are more days of work and better wages, local schools, which are able to provide quality education for their children and there should not be any social discrimination and they too can become leaders in the village.
    2. What can developmental goals be for prosperous farmers from Punjab?
      1. Assured high family income through higher support prices for their crops, hardworking and cheap labourers. They should be able to settle their children abroad.
    3. What are the common developmental goals of a person?
      1. Common developmental goals are regular work, better wages and better standards of living.
    4. What is per Capita income?
      1. When the total income of the country is divided by its population, we get per capita income.
    5. What is Infant mortality rate?
      1. It is the number of deaths of infants under one year per 1,000 live births in a particular area.
    6. What is literacy rate measure?
      1. Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in the seven and above age group
    7. What is Net Attendance Ratio?
      1. It is the total number of children of the age group 14–15 years attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.
    8. Is it true that money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you need to live well? Explain.
      1. Actually money cannot buy you a pollution free environment or ensure that you get unadulterated medicines, money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases.
    9. Why Kerala has a low infant mortality rate?
      1. Kerala has a low infant mortality rate because it has adequate provisions of basic health and educational facilities.
    10. How does UN on the basis of Human Development Report compare countries?
      1. UNDP compares countries based on:
      2. the educational levels of the people
      3. their health status and
      4. per capita income.
    11. What you understand by HDI?
      1. HDI stands for Human Development Index.
    12. What is Life Expectancy at birth?
      1. Life expectancy at birth denotes average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.
    13. What is Gross enrolment ratio?
      1. Gross enrolment ratio is at three levels—enrolment ratio for primary school, secondary school and higher education beyond secondary school.
    14. Which indicators are taken into consideration for measuring Human Development Index (HDI)?
      1. Per capita income
      2. Life expectancy at birth
      3. Literacy rate for 15+ population
      4. Gross enrolment ratio for three levels.
    15. What is National income?
      1. The sum total of all goods and services produced within a country or nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) plus net income received from overseas during a period of one year.
    16. What are renewable resources?
      1. Resources that are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and plants. Ground water is a perfect example.
    17. What are non-renewable resources?
      1. These resources will get exhausted after some time and are not replenished by the nature. Example, crude oil.
    18. What is HDI Rank of India in the world as per ‘Human Development’ Report, 2014?
      1. 131.
    19. How do ration shops under the Public Distribution System (PDS) help people?
      1. Ration shops help by maintaining the nutritional status of the people and making food available at lower cost.
    20. Quote few examples of environmental degradation that can be observed around.
      1. Falling levels of ground water, water pollution, soil erosion, deforestation, the hole in the ozone layer, burning of fossil fuels etc. Combustion from automobiles are causing extreme level of air pollution, especially in urban areas.
    21. How do infant mortality rates need to be checked by the government?
      1. Government should spend a lion’s share for gains in neonatal survival. Child mortality rates can be significantly reduced if community health workers visit new mothers regularly. Government should run awareness programs in urban as well as rural parts of the country so that women can access post natal programs to learn about nutrition, vaccination schedules and breast feeding. Not only this, government can keep a strict check on health workers’ responsibilities.

    Short Answers Questions

    1. What is development? What are the two aspects of development?
      1. Development is such a situation that can fulfil the aspirations or desires of people. It is the progress or improvement in the lifestyles of the people. Two aspects of development are:
          1. Different persons can have different developmental goals.
          2. What may be development for one, may not be development for the other.
    2. Give examples to prove that there are other important developmental goals than income.
      1. Example 1: If you get a job in a far off place, before accepting it, you would try to consider many factors, apart from income such as facilities for your family, school for your children, working atmosphere or opportunity to learn.
        Example 2: A job may give you high pay but no job security and also no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom.
        Example 3: If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women, there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
        Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life like sense of security, freedom, opportunities, etc.
    3. Compare the aspirational goals of a boy from a rich urban family and a girl from a rich urban family.
      1. The aspirational goals of these urban boys and girls can be different or sometimes conflicting.
        1. A boy from a rich urban family: He would like to go for good education to a reputed institution, probably use a good branded mobile, a laptop, an ipad.
        2. A girl from a rich urban family: She should be able to pursue her studies abroad, get as much freedom as her brother and should be able to decide what she wants to do. She would like to go for professional education and then pursue a job.
    4. “Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.” Is it true or not? Elucidate.
      1. Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. Normally, money cannot buy us a pollution-free environment or ensure that we get unadulterated medicines. Money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases, unless the whole of your community takes preventive steps.
    5. What are the developmental goals of landless rural labourers, prosperous farmers and, farmers who depend only on rains?
      1. Developmental goals and aspirations for these farmers are different.
        1. Landless Rural Labourers: They would like to have more days of work and better wages; local schools to provide quality education to their children; there should not be any social discrimination so that they too can become leaders in the village.
        2. Prosperous Farmers: They should have assurance of high family income through higher support prices for their crops through hardworking and cheap labourers. They also want that they should be able to settle their children abroad.
        3. Farmers who Depend Only on Rains: These kind of farmers’ main goal is to have irrigational facilities, crop insurances on less premium and better facilities of life for them as well as their children.
    Long Answers Questions
    1. What is the criterion used by the UNDP for classifying countries?
      1. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has used the criterion of Human Development Index to measure the development of countries. HDI is calculated on the basis of:
      2. Per capita income: When the total national income of the country is divided by its population, we get the per capita income.
      3. Life expectancy: It measures the average age of a person in a country. It helps us to know the health facilities of a country.
      4. Literacy rate: Education is also one of the most important criteria for the development of a country.
      5. Gross enrolment ratio: It measures the education gained at three levels—at the primary, secondary and higher education level.
      6. Per capita income is also calculated in dollars for all countries so that it can be compared easily. HDI has been calculated for about 177 countries. According to it, the rank of India is 131 and the rank of Sri Lanka is 73, which is much better than that of India. We are required to make progress in the education and health sectors as yet.
    2. Explain the meaning of HDI. Mention three components of measuring HDI.
      1. HDI stands for Human Development Index. It may be defined as the process of widening people’s choice as well as raising the level of well-being. The concept of HDI goes beyond income and growth to cover all human choices. It puts the people at the centre stage and covers all aspects of human development with the object of improving the conditions of people from all angles. It is a broader approach to development.
      2. Components of Measuring HDI
      1. Life Expectancy: It is the average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.
      2. Per Capita Income: Mean income of the people is an economic unit. It is calculated by dividing the total national income of a country by population. It is calculated in dollars for all the countries so that it can be compared.
      3. Gross Enrolment Ratio for Three Levels: It means enrolment ratio for primary schools, secondary schools and higher education beyond secondary level.
    4. Why is literacy essential for the economic development? Explain.
      1. Literacy is an essential element for the economic development since:
        1. Education only gives us vast knowledge.
        2. A literate person is eligible to get suitable employment.
        3. Education develops the ability to implement modern technology.
        4. With the knowledge of professionals, technology can develop and help in the development of the country.
        5. Literate people understand the importance of remaining healthy and stay away from the deadly disease.
    5. What do you understand by sustainability of development? What can be done to make development sustainable?
      1. Sustainability of development means economic development without any damage to the environment.
        However, since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type, and levels of development are not sustainable.
        To make development sustainable, non-renewable sources of energy are to be saved for the future generation. The development of the country would continue but the technology has to be made eco-friendly so that it does not harm the environment.

    Hot Questions
    1. Mention the differences between developed countries and developing countries.s
      1. Comparison Chart
        Basis
        Developed Countries
        Developing Countries
        Definition
        A country having an effective rate of industrialisation and individual income.
        A country which has a slow rate of industrialisation and low per capita income.
        Status
        Independent and Prosperous
        Dependent and impoverished
        Available Resources
        Effectively utilised
        Ineffectively utilized
        Dependency
        Self-contained and flourished
        Dependent and emerging to be developed.
        Literacy Rate
        High
        Low
        Infrastructure
        High standard of living and a better environment in terms of health and safety.
        Moderate standard of living in terms of health and safety.
        Growth
        High Industrial Growth.
        They rely on the developed countries for their growth.
        Rates
        Low infant mortality rate, death rate and birth rate while high life expectancy rate.
        High infant mortality rate, death rate and birth rate, along with low life expectancy rate.
        Poverty and Unemployment
        Low
        High
        Generates more revenue from
        Industrial sector
        Service sector
        Distribution of Income
        Equal
        Unequal
        HDI (Human Development Index)
        High
        Low
        GDP
        High
        Low
    2. Why do different persons have different notions of development. Explain.
      1. It is because the life situations of persons are different.
      2. People seek things that are most important for them or that which can fulfil their aspirations or desires.
      3. For example: The developmental goals of a boy from a rich urban family would be to get admission in a reputed college, whereas the developmental goals of a girl from a rich urban family would be to get as much freedom as her brother.
    3. ‘‘Conflicting goals can be developmental goals”. Elaborate with examples.
      1. At times, two persons or group of persons may seek things which are conflicting.
      2. A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother, and that he also shares in the household work. Her brother may not like this.
      3. Similarly, to get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams. But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people, who are displaced, such as the tribals.
    4. ‘‘Average income is an important criterion for development’’. Justify.
      1. To check the criterion for the development of countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes.
      2. Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income.
      3. This is based on the understanding that more income means more of all the things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal.
    5. ‘‘Girls in India in the rural sector are sometimes not able to get secondary level education’’. Give three reasons for the statement.
      1. Gender discrimination: India is a male dominating society. Particularly in rural areas, girl child is discriminated against male child and are not even sent for education.
      2. Poverty: Due to wide-spread poverty in rural areas, people want girls to help in the household work, look after their siblings and do all household chores.
      3. Distance: Secondary schools are not found in all the villages of India, therefore, they don’t prefer their girls to go to distances like nearby village merely for education.
    6. Explain any three examples of what factors other than income are important aspects of our lives.
      1. Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.
        1. Money cannot buy us pollution-free environment.
        2. Money cannot buy us a disease-free life and might not be able to get protection from infectious disease.
        3. Besides money, people also like to have equal treatment in the society, freedom, dignity and honour in their lives, which money cannot buy them.
    SELF 
      1. Name one criterion other than income which may reflect the level of development.
      2. Which criterion is used in World Development Report in classifying countries?
      3. What are the factors important for development other than income?
      4. What term is used for report published by UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income?
      5. What do you understand by the term ‘life expectancy’?
      6. Mention any four characteristics of Development.
      7. Explain intervences which have been drawn by comparing the development.
      8. Explain any three criteria used by human development report to classify various countries.
      9. What does sustainability of development mean? How can sustainable development be achieved?
      10. “Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well.” Explain.
      11. Why are better public facilities needed for the development of the country? Explain any four public facilities.
      12. What is sustainable economic development? Write any three measures to control environmental degradation.
      13. ‘National Development of a country depends on the availability of public facilities.’ How?
      14. Why do people’s development goals vary? Explain with examples.
      15. “Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries.” Justify the statement.
    Important Terms
      1. Development: Development is defined as growth. Some of the important goals are, seeking more income, equal treatment, freedom, security, respect from others, etc.
      2. Income and Other Goals: One would consider earning more income, being a common factor among people. With this income, they buy services and goods for their daily needs.
      3. National Development: National development refers to the ability of a nation to improve the lives of its citizens. Measures of improvement may be material, such as availability of healthcare, etc.
      4. Average Income: Average income is earned per person in a given area.
      5. Infant Mortality Rate: Infant Mortality Rate is the number of deaths under one year of age occurring among the live births in given geographical area during a given year.
      6. Literacy Rate: Literacy rate is the total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding.
      7. Net Attendance Ratio: Net Attendance ratio is defined as the ratio of the number of people in the official age-group attending any educational institution in a particular classgroup to the total number of people in the age-group.
      8. Public Facilities: Public facilities are those which are provided by the government to satisfy the collective needs of the people. Examples – hospitals, schools, community halls, etc.
      9. Human Development Index: Human Development Index is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries in four tiers of human development.
      10. Sustainable Development: Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

    xam idea class 10th SST Economics Development

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